基于双面组件的可调支架光伏发电系统仿真研究

以双面光伏组件和可调支架系统为基础,以青海格尔木为模拟地点,利用PVsyst光伏仿真软件,分析了不同调节次数的可调支架系统与固定支架系统在组件正面和背面辐射量、系统发电量、系统收益的差异。研究结果表明：通过调节支架改变光伏组件的角度后,组件最低点离地高度也在变化,直接影响组件正面和背面的辐射接收;光伏方阵前后间距影响土地利用率（GCR）,土地利用率降低后,背面的辐射量和系统发电量都有一定的增加;相对于固定支架双面发电系统,可调支架双面系统在不同调节次数下的组件背面全年辐射量均有一定降低,但整体的发电量得益于正面辐射的增益,最高可达4.8%左右;技术和经济比较结果显示,双面组件采用可调支架系统,每年2次的调节方式,25年生命周期内系统收益最高。文章还分析了单面发电组件和双面组件系统使用可调支架的经济性对比,在相同的调节次数下,双面组件系统的增益明显高于单面组件系统。本文的研究成果对可调支架双面组件发电系统的设计具指导作用。     

碳羟基磷灰石/钾长石复合材料对镍的吸附性能研究

以钾长石为原料,用液相合成法制备碳羟基磷灰石/钾长石吸附剂（CHAK）去除水中的重金属镍,用静态吸附实验考察了CHAK添加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间、镍初始浓度等因素对镍去除效果的影响,并结合动力学及热力学拟合探究吸附机理。结果表明：随着CHAK量的增加,对Ni ²⁺的去除率增加,但吸附量会降低;溶液pH=6时吸附效果达到最佳;吸附时间为10 h时吸附达到平衡;Ni ²⁺溶液的初始质量浓度为50~4 000 mg/L时,CHAK对Ni ²⁺的吸附量呈先增长后平稳趋势,饱和吸附量与原材料相比增大7.1倍。动力学及热力学拟合结果显示：准二级模型更符合描述该吸附行为。ΔH>0,表明该吸附过程为吸热反应,升温有利于吸附。ΔG<0,表明该反应能自发进行。     

Morphology,thermal and mechanical performance of epoxy/polysulfone composites improved by curing with two different aromatic diamines

Epoxy/polysufone (PSF) composites cured with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) were fabricated, and the effect of dual curing reaction of diamines with epoxy on morphology, mechanical, and thermal performance was investigated. DSC results indicated that DDM was more reactive than DDS and the activation energy decreased with the rising of DDM content. Structures with small domain size at the early stage of phase separation were fixed by the fast epoxy-DDM reaction. When the DDM content was elevated to a high level, large dual structures were changed to fine bicontinuous structures, which was favorable to improve the mechanical property. The mechanical performance of epoxy composites was enhanced and the maximum values were achieved when the DDM/DDS ratio was located at 75/25 (PSF/DDS0.25-DDM0.75). The flexural and tensile strength relative to epoxy/DDM system were enhanced more than those relative to epoxy/DDS, while the increase in toughness was the opposite. TGA measurement showed that thermal stability of epoxy/PSF composites was improved because of the restricting effect of continuous PSF domains on thermal motion of epoxy. DMA analysis exhibited two relaxation peaks for PSF/DDS0.25-DDM0.75, which could be attributed to the formation of phase separated morphology and epoxy network with different cross-link density.     

碳布负载氮掺杂石墨烯及其电化学性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料、抗坏血酸为还原剂以及尿素作为氮掺杂剂,采用化学还原法制备了氮掺杂石墨烯凝胶(NGH).在制备NGH的时候引入混酸处理过的碳布,就得到了碳布负载氮掺杂石墨烯(NG/CC).利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和电化学方法对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行了表征和测试.结果表明:GO被有效还原,氮被掺杂到了石墨烯中;NG/CC具有三维交联的多孔结构;在6 mol·L-1的KOH电解液中,NG/CC具有良好的超级电容器性能.在0.5 mA·cm-2电流密度下其比电容为35.2 mF·cm-2,在5 mA·cm-2的电流密度下循环4500圈后,NG/CC的容量保持率为98％,并且在这个过程中的库伦效率始终接近100％.     

Improving Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) by Adding Expanded Graphite without Surface Modification via Water‐Assisted Mixing Extrusion

Expanded graphite (EG) is introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by melt mixing extrusion with water injection. The results demonstrate that the unfunctionalized EG in composite prepared with water injection exbibits better dispersion than that in the one prepared without water injection due to the promoting role of water during extrusion. Thus, the PVDF/EG composite with loading of 4 wt% prepared by water‐assisted mixing extrusion (WAME) exhibits electrical conductivity of about three orders of magnitude higher than the neat PVDF and one order of magnitude higher than the one prepared without water injection. Comparing to the neat PVDF, the thermal conductivity of the composites prepared with and without water injection is increased by 101.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The introduced EG leads to increased Young’s modulus and tensile strength especially for the composite prepared by WAME. The present work indicates that WAME can promote the dispersion of EG in PVDF matrix without any extra functionalization.     

真实世界研究中的常见偏倚及其控制

近年来，真实世界研究及其所产生的真实世界证据已对临床实践、医疗卫生决策等领域产生广泛而深远的影响，同时也带来了数据的样本异质性、偏倚的发现及其校正等方法学挑战。本文围绕真实世界研究的主要类型及其在设计、实施、分析过程中的主要偏倚作一综述，以期促进真实世界研究实施的规范性、合理性。     

基于有限元的大流量换向阀仿真分析及结构优化

为了提高大流量换向阀的设计能力,该文采用ANSYS仿真平台对大流量换向阀仿真分析及结构优化。研究结果表明:撞击阶段应力集中区域基本出现在二级阀芯径向进油口部位,此时形成的最大应力等于24.26 MPa,明显比682 MPa的材料屈服极限更低。进液阀套达到了271.83 MPa的最大压应力,但明显低于682 MPa的屈服极限,表明壁厚满足设计标准。进液阀套形最大应力出现在阀套内部,跟瞬态冲击条件下最大应力出现区域存在明显差异。二级阀芯最大应力都出现于阀芯部位,完成结构优化之后,二级阀芯的最大应力发生了显著降低,其余各部位的应力也显著减小,可以满足设计标准。     

偶联剂对PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料3D打印性能的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）和聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）为基体，杨木粉（WF）为填充增强材料，使用混炼机熔融共混制备PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料，采用熔融沉积成型（FDM）技术制备标准实验试样，通过扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱分析、旋转流变测试以及力学试验等方法，研究不同含量的硅烷偶联剂KH550对PLA/PBAT共混物以及PLA/PBAT/WF的相容性、流变性及力学性能的影响。结果表明，在偶联剂用量为3 %（质量分数，下同）时，拉伸强度提高了136 %；偶联剂KH550与 PLA和PBAT共价键偶联生成接枝聚合物，二者相容性得到提高；同时偶联剂与WF表面羟基发生缩聚反应有效的改善了其与PLA/PBAT的基体相容性，PLA/PBAT/WF复合材料的FDM的制件力学性能得到较大提升；复合材料的黏度随偶联剂含量的增加呈下降的趋势，含量为3 %时线材的综合打印性能及制品质量最佳。     

镍基高温合金锥筒形件拉深旋压成形机理研究

针对镍基高温合金因加工硬化严重成形时极易产生破裂和起皱等典型缺陷的问题,以锥筒形壳体类零件为对象,提出了一种由锥形预制坯经过真空固溶处理后拉深旋压成形锥筒形件的方法,并对其成形机理进行了研究。基于Abaqus/Explicit平台,建立了锥筒形件拉深旋压有限元模型,分析了成形过程中的瞬态等效应力、等效塑性应变、切向应力、壁厚及三向应变分布规律。结果表明:在旋压成形过程中,最大瞬态等效应力位于旋轮接触区及附近区域、最大瞬态等效塑性应变位于坯料口部;瞬态切向压应力最大值位于旋轮接触区,而瞬态切向拉应力最大值位于旋轮接触区附近的两侧区域。筒形段中部壁厚减薄,而坯料口部壁厚增厚。旋压成形试验表明,锥形预制坯经拉深旋压后可获得壁厚均匀的锥筒形件。     

银杏双黄酮高效液相色谱定量分析方法研究

建立HPLC法同时测定银杏植物中阿曼托黄素、白果素、银杏黄素异构体、金松双黄酮含量。银杏叶、外种皮、白果提取液的分析采用Elite Hypersil ODS2(4.0 mm×200 mm,5μm),以甲醇-有机酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量0.8 mL/min,检测波长330 nm,柱温35℃。4种成分在各自范围内均呈良好的线性关系(r≥0.9993),平均加样回收率98.3%~101.0%,RSD为1.74%~2.23%。银杏叶和外种皮中均含有4种单组分双黄酮,其中白果中双黄酮总量最低,银杏叶中最高。方法准确稳定、重复性好,可用于银杏中双黄酮类成分含量的测定。